Trauma and PTSD

Experiencing traumatic events and instances can leave a profound impact emotionally, physically, cognitively, and interpersonally. Traumatic experiences may include:
  • Interpersonal and physical violence, whether in a romantic relationship, friendship, family relationships, or others
  • Emotional abuse, including name-calling, belittling, dismissing, invalidating, threatening, blaming, controlling, and gaslighting
  • Sexual abuse or unwanted and inappropriate touch
  • Emotional neglect or a failure of having emotional needs met
  • Physical neglect or not having basic needs met (related to hunger, shelter, not having medical needs addressed, not being taken to school, being left to look after themselves at a young age, being left in threatening environments)
  • Natural disasters
  • Combat
  • Death of a loved one
  • Vicarious trauma (witnessing trauma via media or learning about the detail of trauma that occurred to someone else)
  • Bullying or being targeted socially
  • Stalking
  • Car accidents or serious injuries
  • Divorce, separation, or breakups
  • Betrayal trauma such as experiencing infidelity or other breaches of trust in close relationships
  • Unstable childhood environments including unpredictable emotions, events, or people
  • Medical trauma
  • Community violence
  • Institutional trauma such as discrimination and oppression
  • Racism and systemic abuse
  • Displacement and migration
  • Sexual assault
  • Harassment
Experiencing trauma, no matter in what form, has been shown to impact us on a multitude of levels, including physically (how our body responds to a perceived threat), emotionally (how we experience, identify, and cope with our emotions), cognitively (our beliefs about ourselves, others, the world, our future, and more), and interpersonally. Common symptoms of experiencing trauma include:
  • Heightened emotional reactivity
  • Hypervigilance of environments and others' emotions 
  • Flashbacks, nightmares, or insomnia
  • Avoidance of memories, situations, or people that are reminders of trauma
  • Impaired memory of the traumatic experiences
  • Difficulty focusing and with attention
  • Heightened startled response
  • Increased negative emotions, including irritability, tension, and anxiety
  • Feelings of guilt, self-blame, shame, and hopelessness
  • Dissociation, detachment, or emotional numbing
  • Increased risky behavior, such as substance use or placing self in unsafe situations
  • People pleasing, difficulty setting and maintaining boundaries, or avoiding conflict at all costs
  • Difficulty trusting self and others
Working with trauma requires specialized training to provide trauma-informed care. There are several different approaches to trauma therapy, including psychodynamic therapy, relational therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Eye Movement and Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy (EMDR). 
Trauma is unique to the individual in its presentation, so requires proper assessment to best tailor treatment. Trauma therapy can include any of the following:
  • Information about what trauma is and how it impacts your brain, body, thoughts, feelings, and behavioral urges
  • A better understanding of how experiencing this trauma impacts your life currently
  • Identification of triggers and how best to navigate them when they arise
  • Recognition and acknowledgment of the impact that trauma has had
  • Regaining a sense of control and empowerment
  • Utilizing evidence-based approaches to reprocess and integrate distressing memories
  • Skills for emotion regulation, communication/assertiveness, disengaging, and grounding
  • Increased capacity for self-compassion and acceptance of ourselves
Learn more about trauma here.
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